ielts banner

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How is Academic Writing different from General Training Writing?

Is Academic Writing Task 1 always a bar chart?

Do my students need to write a separate introduction and conclusion for Academic Writing Task 1?

What genre is Academic Writing Task 2?

Will my students lose marks if they do not write a formal introduction and conclusion for Academic Writing Task 2?

Is the marking equally weighted for the two tasks?

How is Academic Writing assessed?

What criteria are used to assess the answers?

When my students do practice tests, how can I give them an IELTS type score?

Are marks deducted for untidy handwriting?

How is Academic Writing different from General Training Writing?
The table shows that the first tasks in General Training Writing and Academic Writing are different. The differences in these tasks mean that candidates are required to produce different kinds of writing. The second tasks are quite similar in that they are both discursive and candidates may need to present a solution to a problem, present and justify an opinion, or evaluate and challenge ideas, evidence or arguments. However, the topics in General Training Writing are topics of general interest which tend to be more concrete and personal than those in Academic Writing. The topics and instructions in General Training Writing require candidates to provide general factual information and usually do not require the same degree of comparison and contrast of evidence, opinion or implication as Academic Writing does. The second task in Academic Writing also assumes an academic context and should therefore be formal in style.



General Training Writing tasks

Academic Writing tasks

Task 1

Writing an informal, semi-formal or formal personal letter

Presenting information from a chart, table, graph or diagram in the candidate’s own words

Task 2

Writing a discursive piece of writing

Writing a discursive piece of writing that involves consideration of more abstract issues


Is Academic Writing Task 1 always a bar chart?
No, the information students are given to interpret and describe may be in the form of one or more diagrams, charts, graphs or tables on a related theme.

Do my students need to write a separate introduction and conclusion for Academic Writing Task 1?
In Task 1 candidates are asked to describe the visual information and are expected to present this information in an organised, coherent way. This necessarily requires an introductory statement, however brief. Similarly, a statement summarising the main trends or features would be an appropriate ending. Speculation about the information or attempt to explain it are not required by the task.

What genre is Academic Writing Task 2?
Writing Task 2 has no specific genre although it always requires a discursive response and you should advise your students to read each question carefully and respond appropriately to the individual task they are given. For Writing Task 2 students may be asked to: present a solution to a problem; present and justify an opinion; compare and contrast opinions and evidence; evaluate and challenge an idea, argument or opinion. Their answer should always be in the form of a short formal essay for a tutor or examiner.

Will my students lose marks if they do not write a formal introduction and conclusion for Academic Writing Task 2?
There are no separate marks given for introductions and conclusions. However, one of the assessment criteria for Writing Task 2 is 'Task Response' (IELTS Handbook available here). If ideas are presented without an appropriate introduction and conclusion they may not be effectively argued or organised and so marks may be lost in this area.

Is the marking equally weighted for the two tasks?
Task 2 carries more marks than Task 1.

How is Academic Writing assessed?
The IELTS writing scripts are assessed by IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners are fully trained in how to assess IELTS writing and speaking performances. Examiners’ training is kept up to date by regular standardisation sessions and by a process called ‘certification’. This requires the examiners to demonstrate that throughout their examining they continue to adhere to the required assessment procedures and standards.

What criteria are used to assess the answers?
These are the assessment criteria used:

Task 1: Task Achievement; Coherence and Cohesion; Lexical Resource and Grammatical Range and Accuracy

Task 2: Task Response; Coherence and Cohesion; Lexical Resource and Grammatical Range and Accuracy

When my students do practice tests, how can I give them an IELTS type score?
You can give your students valuable feedback on their progress by using the following:

1) Writing Band Descriptors (Public Version) (PDF)

2) Sample Scripts (PDF)

All of this information will help you to assess whether your students are performing well in their writing tasks as well as the areas they need to continue to work on.

Are marks deducted for untidy handwriting?
No, marks are not deducted for handwriting specifically but, obviously, an illegible script cannot be marked. However, clear handwriting by candidates allows their message to be more easily understood by the examiner. Clear handwriting also helps students to communicate their ideas more effectively, so you should encourage your students to write as clearly as possible.

If you have any other questions about IELTS Academic Writing, please contact us and we'll answer the most frequently asked questions here.